VLF group delay of lightning-induced electron precipitation echoes from measurement of phase and amplitude perturbations at two frequencies

Details VLF group delay of lightning-induced electron precipitation echoes from measurement of phase and amplitude perturbations at two frequencies VLF group delay of lightning-induced electron precipitation echoes from measurement of phase and amplitude perturbations at two frequencies

Mar 1990

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1990jgr....95.2457a&link_type=abstract

Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227), vol. 95, March 1, 1990, p. 2457-2462. Research supported by the University of

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11

Electron Precipitation, Ionospheric Propagation, Lightning, Signal Distortion, Very Low Frequencies, Great Circles, Phase Velocity, Time Lag

Scientific paper

Measurement of phase and amplitude perturbations (trimpis) of the NWC signal at Dunedin at both the NWC frequencies, 22,250 Hz and 22,350 Hz, enables measurement of the received phase of the echo signal (phasor difference of the perturbed and unperturbed signals) at each frequency and so the rate of decrease of phase with frequency. This, of course, is the group delay. The 100-Hz difference implies that measurement of echo group delays of up to 5 ms could be made without ambiguity, though other factors limit this to about 2.5 ms. Some 38 'difference trimpis' during May and June 1988 showed echo delays up to 2 ms corresponding to reflection from points displaced more than 1000 km from the NWC-Dunedin great circle path. The echo amplitudes observed at such large displacements are much greater than expected from smooth circular depressions of the ionosphere modifying the waveguide phase velocity and so imply sharper discontinuities in the waveguide.

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