Very Large and Fast Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Changes and Their Geomagnetic Responses: Case Studies and Statistics from IMP 8, INTERBALL-1 and WIND Observations.

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2164 Solar Wind Plasma, 2784 Solar Wind/Magnetosphere Interactions

Scientific paper

The solar wind flux measurements from INTERBALL-1 and IMP 8 show several thousand large (greater than 1-2 nPa) and rapid (less than a few minutes) dynamic pressure changes during 1996-2000. We studied the statistics of these pressure changes and estimated the distributions of the amplitudes and transition times of these events. From this data set we selected several tens of the most extreme pressure changes - more than 8 nPa during less than 10 min. Most of these events are not associated with shocks and are due solely to density changes with the solar wind speed remaining rather constant. The fast pressure changes in many cases produce geomagnetic disturbances on the Earth. In the beginning of a magnetic storm, pressure pulses directly create the variations in the DCF (Chapman-Ferraro) current system. Some changes of the solar wind pressure also were manifested in the polar cap magnetic field PC-index but such relations are more complicated because of the influence of the interplanetary magnetic field (Bz and By components). The temporal variations of solar wind pressure during magnetic storm periods produce a clear response in Dst index variations. Statistics of geomagnetic variations related to the largest pressure pulses are presented.

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