Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
May 1993
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1993georl..20..903k&link_type=abstract
Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276), vol. 20, no. 10, p. 903-906.
Mathematics
Logic
49
Earth Surface, Earthquakes, Geological Faults, Granite, Shear Stress, Sliding Friction, Velocity Distribution
Scientific paper
Direct shear sliding experiments on bare ground surfaces of Westerly granite have been conducted over an exceptionally wide range of sliding rates at unconfined normal stresses sigma(n) of 5, 15, 30, 70, and 150 MPa. A new sample configuration was developed that permitted measurements at normal stresses of 70 and 150 MPa without immediate sample failure. Measurements of steady-state velocity dependence of friction at velocities between 10 exp -4 and 1 micron/s show similar velocity weakening behavior at all normal stresses, with more negative dependence at lower slip rates. However, at rates above 10 micron/s, velocity weakening is observed only at sigma(n) = 30, 70, and 150 MPa, while velocity-neutral behavior is observed at sigma(n) = 15 MPa and velocity strengthening is observed at sigma(n) = 5 MPa. The greater velocity weakening observed at velocities below 0.01 micron/s may suggest a transition in competing deformation mechanisms, or the influence of additional mechanisms. The transition to velocity strengthening at high velocity and low normal stress implies that rapid slip on shallow faults could be arrested before resulting in true stick-slip behavior. Stable fault creep and creep events observed at shallow levels on some natural faults may result from this transition in velocity dependence.
Blanpied Michael L.
Dieterich James H.
Kilgore Brian D.
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