Variability in Quasar Broad Absorption Line Outflows

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Scientific paper

Broad absorption lines (BALs) in quasar spectra identify high velocity outflows that likely exist in all quasars and could play a major role in feedback to galaxy evolution. Studying the variability in these BALs can help us understand the structure, evolution, and basic physical properties of these outflows. We are conducting the largest-ever BAL monitoring program with more than 120 spectra of 24 luminous quasars at z 1.2-2.9, covering time scales from 19 days to 7.7 years in the quasar rest-frame. We investigate changes in the CIV 1550A BALs, and we see a variety of phenomena, including some BALs that either appeared or disappeared completely and other BALs that did not change at all over the whole observation period. Here we present some results from this ongoing program. The incidence of variability declines from 70% to 40% between the time domains of several years and a few months, and typically, only portions of the BAL troughs vary. We will present new results on comparing variability in the CIV 1550A BAL to the SiIV 1400A BAL to help distinguish between moving clouds and ionization changes as the cause of the variability. Using the multiple epochs of data from our program, we analyze the behavior of variability over time in individual objects. We will also present preliminary results on BAL variability over the poorly sampled time domain of <1 month in the quasar rest-frame. The combined results from the overall BAL monitoring program will help define the actual timescales, the causes of the variability, and the sizes, locations, and volatility of the outflowing gas.

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