Other
Scientific paper
Jan 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002iaf..confe.725f&link_type=abstract
IAF abstracts, 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, The Second World Space Congress, held 10-19 October, 2002 in Houston, TX, USA.,
Other
Scientific paper
A plan to extend human space operations beyond low Earth orbit is described. Key elements of this plan include the utilization of orbits in the vicinity of collinear libration points in the Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth systems. The unique advantages of stationing robotic spacecraft in "halo orbits" and "Lissajous orbits" around these libration points have already been exploited by five scientific missions beginning with the International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3) in 1978. Libration-point orbits also offer special advantages as staging nodes for human missions to the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and Mars. For instance, an Interplanetary Transfer Vehicle (ITV) stationed at the Earth-Moon L2 point could be used to rendezvous with a near-Earth asteroid and then return to the libration point. The journey would begin with a small V maneuver at the libration point followed by a lunar swingby and a perigee V maneuver to enter the desired interplanetary transfer trajectory. Another propulsive maneuver at the asteroid would complete the rendezvous. A reverse procedure would be used to return the ITV to the libration point. With this technique, the ITV would save approximately 6 km/sec in V cost compared with an ITV stationed in low-Earth orbit. Of course, another vehicle would be needed to transfer fuel for the ITV as well as the flight crew and cargo from low-Earth orbit to the libration point. This additional vehicle, called a Deep-Space Shuttle (DSS), could also be used to transfer astronauts to and from lunar orbit, Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth libration points, and geosynchronous orbit. An overall strategy to develop the infrastructure needed for a libration-point staging capability is outlined in this paper. The use of the DSS to service large telescopes that are located in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth L2 point is also discussed.
Belbruno Edward A.
Dunham David W.
Farquhar Robert W.
Guo Yan
McAdams James
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