Use of ERS-1 and Landsat TM Images for Geological Mapping and Mineral Exploration of Sol Hamid Area

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Scientific paper

Sol Hamid area is underlain by Neoproterozoic rocks, partly covered by Miocene sediments and recent sand sheets and dunes. The Neoproterozoic rocks include ophiolitic ultramafic to mafic rocks, metavolcano-sedimentary rocks, metavolcanics, gobbro-diorite rocks, granodiorites, biotite granites and alkali granites. Mineral deposits associated with different rock units in the area include magnesite, chromite, iron ore deposits, manganese and barite deposits. ERS-2 SAR data enable to obtain an image of Sol Hamid area that reveals fluvial features beneath the surface cover of desert sand. These features are not observable in Landsat TM images of similar resolution. In this work, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique is used for merging ERS-2 SAR and Landsat TM images to make use of the potential of data fusion techniques of image processing in the interpretation of geological features. This procedure has resulted in enhancing subsurface structures such as foliations and faults that control mineralization of several deposits in the study area. This study represents an example to demonstrate the utility of merging various remote sensing data for exploring for ore deposits in arid region.

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