Upper mantle isotopic components beneath the Ryukyu arc system: Evidence for ‘back-arc’ entrapment of Pacific MORB mantle

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New Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic data for Cenozoic basalts from northwest Kyushu, Japan and the Okinawa Trough, suggest that mantle sources feeding the Ryukyu ‘back-arc’ side volcanoes, represent a mixture of Pacific N-MORB mantle with EM2-rich components, with little or no EM1. The compositions of these basalts differ fundamentally from those characterizing northern Kyushu and the Japan Sea, which tap DUPAL-like (i.e. EM1-rich) sources similar to those prevailing beneath east and southeast Asia and western Pacific marginal basins. The apparent decrease in mantle DUPAL-like character to the east of northern Kyushu and the Sea of Japan, and its relative insignificance in mantle beneath the Ryukyu ‘back-arc’ region, suggest that Pacific MORB mantle may have been trapped within the mantle wedge during Philippine Sea plate subduction, thereby confining sub-Eurasian DUPAL-type asthenosphere to the west and restricting its flow to the east.

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