Understanding Extreme Carbon Stars: Condensation Temperature, Grain Sizes, and Silicon Carbide Absorption

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Infrared carbon stars without visible counterparts are generally known as extreme carbon stars. A subset of these stars are known to exhibit absorption features in the 10-12 micron range. We present the results of modeling 10 extreme carbon stars, observed spectroscopically by the ISO SWS, using the 1-D radiative transfer program DUSTY. Using theoretical models of both dust condensation and evolution, we were able to limit the required parameter space in addition to determining that we should expect a high condensation temperature ( 1800K) and graphitic rather than amorphous grains. Seven of these stars had been previously investigated, but we expanded this research by looking at a wider range of parameters, including the grain size distribution, optical depth, shell thickness, and dust composition. The remaining three sources have had the 11 micron absorption feature newly identified by this research. Our models are consistent with the IR emission being only due to the superwind phase, and not significantly influenced by the earlier, lower, mass loss episodes.

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