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                    Ultra-high energy cosmic rays from Quark Novae 
                        Ultra-high energy cosmic rays from Quark Novae
                
            
            
                        
                        2003-01-29
 
                    
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                            arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0301575v2
                        
                     
                        
                        Astrophys.J. 626 (2005) 389-395
 
                    
                    Astronomy and Astrophysics
 
                     
                    Astrophysics
 
            
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
            
            
                    
                    20 pages, 1 figure. Major revisions in the text. Accepted for
  publication in the Astrophysical Journal
 
                    
                    Scientific paper
 
                    
                    10.1086/430099
 
                    
                    We explore acceleration of ions in the Quark Nova (QN) scenario, where a neutron star experiences an explosive phase transition into a quark star (born in the propeller regime). In this picture, two cosmic ray components are isolated: one related to the randomized pulsar wind and the other to the propelled wind, both boosted by the ultra-relativistic Quark Nova shock. The latter component acquires energies $10^{15} {\rm eV} 10^{18.6}$ eV. The composition is dominated by ions present in the pulsar wind in the energy range above $10^{18.6}$ eV, while at energies below $10^{18}$ eV the propelled ejecta, consisting of the fall-back neutron star crust material from the explosion, is the dominant one. Added to these two components, the propeller injects relativistic particles with Lorentz factors $\Gamma_{\rm prop.} \sim 1-1000$, later to be accelerated by galactic supernova shocks. The QN model appears to be able to account for the extragalactic cosmic rays above the ankle and to contribute a few percent of the galactic cosmic rays below the ankle. We predict few hundred ultra-high energy cosmic ray events above $10^{19}$ eV for the Pierre Auger detector per distant QN, while some thousands are predicted for the proposed EUSO and OWL detectors.
 
            
            
            
                
            
            
                
            
            
            
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