Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Core-Collapse Supernova Remnants approaching Middle Age

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The Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) Puppis A and G292.0+1.8 have long been known to have optical knots composed almost entirely of heavy elements (especially oxygen) with Doppler velocities 1000 km/s or higher--fragments from the progenitor core that were launched in the explosion and have only recently been excited. Both harbor young pulsars near their centers. These SNRs are similar to Cas A but larger, with less extreme velocities, and thus are presumably older.
Using CCD images from epochs 1986-2008, we have measured proper motions for over 60 knots in each of these SNRs, and in both cases we find motions proportional to displacement from an expansion center, indicating free expansion. The expansion rates for both SNRs give kinematic ages 3000 yr--almost 10 times the age of Cas A. We have also obtained spectra from many of these and other knots, and have combined the radial and transverse velocities to give the first 3-dimensional models for the ejecta distribution. For G292 the ejecta are concentrated primarily in broad bi-conical jets, oriented roughly N-S in the plane of the sky. Based on its position, the pulsar should be moving nearly perpendicular to the jet axis. Puppis A shows a more complicated structure; many of its knots have strong [N II] and/or [S II] lines in addition to those from O, and with similar high velocities. The fast knots are concentrated in three complexes, all in the NE quadrant of the remnant, while the pulsar has been measured as recoiling at high velocity toward the SW. We will discuss these results and their possible implications for understanding core-collapse SNe.
Supported in part by NSF grant AST-0908566.

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