Theory of the capture of antiprotons by atoms and molecules

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Antiprotonic (barp) atoms are formed in low-energy collisions between antiprotons and normal atoms or molecules. The fermion molecular dynamics (FMD) method has enabled us to go beyond the atomic hydrogen target and study electron-correlation effects with noble-gas targets (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) and molecular effects with isotopic hydrogen targets (H_2, D_2, and HD). Multiple ionization and ro-vibrational excitation are found to greatly increase the maximum energy of capture, with the latter also leading to a significant dependence on the projectile mass and target isotope. The kinetic energies of the ionized electrons are found to increase somewhat with the target nuclear charge. Atomic capture of barp is mechanistically very similar to capture of the lighter negative particles μ^- and π^-. Recent calculations of π^- capture by molecular hydrogen clear up the long-standing anomaly of pion transfer from p to d being apparently very different in HD and in H_2/D2 mixtures. Calculations on the noble-gas atoms yield capture ratios in agreement with a number of experiments with muons and pions. They demonstrate the role of multiple electrons and suggest what features will be important in a future completely quantum-mechanical treatment. The agreement with experiments done with μ^- and π^- lends support to the theoretical results for barp capture, which will soon be observed experimentally for the first time.

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