The wavelet transform: a digital eyepiece to improve our sky vision (French Title: La transformation en ondelettes : un oculaire numérique pour mieux voir le ciel)

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Scientific paper

Since the beginning of the computer era, astronomers applied many mathematical tools in order to process their data. Among them, the Fourier transform was extensively applied for the denoising, the deconvolution and for the image reconstruction. In years '80 new tools were introduced in order to take into account the non stationarity of the signal to be processed. Among them the wavelet transform emerged as a fundamental tool for the analysis and for the processing of astronomical signals. In this paper, after a short historical introduction, the different wavelet transforms are introduced from the multiresolution analysis. Its fundamental algorithm, called ilter bank, is described, with an application in the case of the Haar transform. Another transformation algorithm, called the à trous algorithm, which plays an important role in the astronomical signal processing, is also given. Pyramidal transforms and the continuous wavelet transform are also briely described. Some astronomical applications are given in the case of images at a faint level of photons. In conclusion, some new tracks for new transforms are indicated, the purpose being to get a more and more sparse representation of the observed signals.

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