The Time-dependent Emission from Molecular Clouds Illuminated by Cosmic Rays Escaped from Supernova Remnants

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

Supernova Remnants (SNRs) are widely discussed as main sources of Galactic Cosmic Rays (CRs) up to 1015 eV or even higher. The CR spectrum observed at Earth is soft (s>2), and so are the gamma-ray spectra observed from a number of SNRs interacting with molecular clouds (MCs). However, current predictions of non-linear particle acceleration theories favor hard CR spectra. Knowing that the CRs near Earth or illuminating MCs in the vicinity of SNR are actually escaped particles that have undergone diffusion, we study how their spectrum depends on the time-dependent acceleration history of the source. We solve the CR transport equation in test-particle approach, combined with numerical simulations of the hydrodynamical evolution of SNRs. Having previously established the importance for the photon emission of particles accelerated at the reverse shock, we calculate the time-dependent gamma-ray spectra from MCs illuminated by the CRs which escaped nearby SNR, and compare our results with data taken with Fermi and Cherenkov telescopes.

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