The Tides

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THE notice in NATURE of April 14, p. 508, of my pamphlet on the tides implies that I have completely misunderstood ``the theory of the tide-generating force on the principle of gravitation.'' Regarding this I would like to present to your readers, very briefly, just one point in that theory: Newton, Herschel, and many other authorities compute the principal tide-raising force as the difference between the moon's attraction at the earth's centre and at the earth's surface. Now this is exactly the method that would be employed if the sea were about 4000 miles deep. But the sea is only about 2 miles deep, in which, obviously, the tide would be practically insensible compared with that in a sea 4000 miles deep. The height of the tide is measured from the sea bottom; so that whatever elevation by tidal action of that bottom, which takes place, is not added to the height of the tide at all. Why, then, should the action of the tide-raising force beneath the bottom of the sea be added to that action within the sea itself (as is invariably done) to obtain, or explain, the ocean tide?

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