The three white ovals and adjacent belts in the South Temperate region of Jupiter, 1940-1990

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Jupiter, Planetary Observation

Scientific paper

We review the evolution of the three great white ovals on Jupiter's South Temperate Belt (STB), and the concurrent evolution of the surrounding belts. The ovals began life around 1940 as long sectors of South Temperate Zone (STZ) which have progressively contracted. There longitudinal speeds have gradually decreased, although with substantial fluctuations, which showed a 12-year periodicity until 1979. In latitude, the ovals have shifted north by 2*, with fluctuations that are correlated with the speed of the ovals. The net effect of the formation and northward drift of the ovals has been that the retrograding STBs jetstream, discovered by the Voyager spacecraft in 1979, has not changed significantly in latitude. We present evidence that several other jetstreams further south have also remained fixed in latitude. The STB however became much broader over the years, eventually encircling the ovals completely. The STB then almost disappeared during the 1980s, while a true SSTB developed alongside it; this was an example of a general tendency for the belts here and further south to be fewer in number than the jetstreams.

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