The shape of craters formed during high-speed impact

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Impact Damage, Meteorite Craters, Planetary Surfaces, Basalt, Falling Spheres, Isotropic Media, Lunar Craters, Lunar Evolution, Morphology, Size (Dimensions), Targets

Scientific paper

Relations for crater sizes in targets consisting of materials with isotropic properties are obtained on the basis of extensive experimental data. The density, hardness, and durability of the target material are chosen along with the kinetic-energy volume density of the incident body as the basic parameters determining crater size. The evolution of the flux of sporadic meteoric bodies which have bombarded the lunar surface is estimated in order to illustrate the relations obtained. It is shown that the results can also be applied to estimate the density of the dispersed solid component in the far reaches of the solar system during different times in its evolution and also to estimate the total flux of meteoric material incident on a planet. From crater-distribution characteristics, the age of the Apollo-11 landing site is estimated to be about 3.639 billion years, which agrees very well with the geologic estimates of 3.65 billion years.

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