The Science and Technology of the National Virtual Observatory

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Astronomy today faces a data avalanche. Breakthroughs in telescope, detector, and computer technology allow sky surveys to produce terabytes of data. These datasets cover the sky in different wavebands, from gamma rays to radio. With new inexpensive storage technologies and high-speed networks, the possibility of combining data from multi-terabyte online databases has become real.
These developments are changing the way astronomy is done. In August 2001, the National Science Foundation awarded five-year funding to a collaboration “Framework for the National Virtual Observatory,” under its Information Technology Research program.
The NVO project is now providing simple services for astronomers. The services answer some of the most common questions that astronomers today “where do I find data that is relevant to me,” “which surveys have information on my favorite objects,” and so on. These services form the building blocks of other, higher level applications. The NVO has developed, and will continue to develop, some of these applications but it also offers the possibility for users to develop their own applications.
The NVO project is working closely with similar development efforts worldwide. We have jointly formed the International Virtual Observatory Alliance, bringing together the leaders from all such efforts, and have agreed upon on common roadmap for development.
In this talk, I will explain the science and technology of virtual observatories in the context of modern astronomy research, discuss some of the NVO’s services and applications, and describe the directions in which the virtual observatory concept is evolving.

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