The Orbital Evolution of Kuiper Belt Binaries

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Scientific paper

We examine the evolution of a Keplerian orbit interacting with unbound perturbers. In the limit that the velocities of the perturbers are larger than the orbital velocity, we derive the rate at which a swarm of perturbers increases the eccentricity and inclination of the two-body orbit. We write a Boltzmann equation that combines the effects of the perturbers with the tidal interactions of the orbiting bodies. The solution of this equation describes the self-similar shape of the distribution of orbital eccentricity and relative inclination and the time evolution of the scale of the distributions. We show a quantitative agreement between this theory and the orbits of the moons of Pluto. We compare the predictions of this theory to the orbital elements of other Kuiper Belt Binaries, binary stars, and extra-solar planets.

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