The nature of bipolar planetary nebulae

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Astronomical Models, Bipolarity, Magnetic Fields, Planetary Nebulae, Angular Velocity, Morphology, Radiative Transfer, Two Dimensional Models, Planets, Nebula, Polarity, Theoretical Studies, Magnetic Properties, Models, Magnetic Fields, Morphology, Magnetohydrodynamics, Parameters, Density, Velocity, Latitude, Equatorial Regions, Ejection, Rotation, Polar Regions, Geometry, Polarization, Turbulence, Photographs, Calculations, Diagrams

Scientific paper

A two-dimensional model of bipolar planetary nebulae which is based on the Pascoli (1985) model is proposed in order to describe the three-dimensional distribution of nebular matter. The velocity fields, density, and intensity of the magnetic field are determined in a meridian plane of the circumstellar region. A theoretical network of isophots is also proposed. The present morphology is found to be consistent with a slowly rotating red giant possessing a large-scale photospheric azimuthal magnetic field, suggesting that the magnetic field in the dense nucleus is a quadrupole one. The model indicates that the ejected gas is in the form of a continuous stellar wind, allowing various characteristics of the progenitor, including the rotation and the magnetic field, to be determined.

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