The influence of X-ray damage on high purity sapphire optical absorption and investigation on the origin of the residual absorption at1064 nm

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We show that the optical absorption of high purity sapphire is degraded by X-radiation. We suggest that the level of absorption at 1064 nm is due to the presence of complex clusters of Ti3+, Ti4+, Fe2+, Fe3+ and oxygen vacancies, responsible for the well known 800 nm peak, called the infrared residual absorption, as well as for a 920 nm and a 1100 nm absorption bands. We show that the annealing can reduce the effect of X-ray on the absorption level from an average level of ~80 ppm/cm to ~24 ppm/cm. These results indicate that a further reduction of Ti and Fe in sapphire (<0.1 ppm) as well as oxygen vacancies, which play the role of precursors in the formation of the mentioned clusters, would reduce the absorption level. .

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