Mathematics – Probability
Scientific paper
Dec 2002
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2002agufmsm51a0513t&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2002, abstract #SM51A-0513
Mathematics
Probability
2720 Energetic Particles, Trapped, 2794 Instruments And Techniques
Scientific paper
The Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites include two new charged particle instruments, the Low (LEP) and High (HXP) Energy Particle sensors, that permit to estimate the omnidirectional energetic particle fluxes in the energy range 0.14 to 6 MeV for electrons, and 6 to 100 MeV for protons. The first instruments were launched in February 2000, and up to eight additional instruments are expected on GPS orbit in the next few years. The inclined (55 degree) circular (20,000 km radius) orbits of the GPS satellites pass through the peak intensity region of the radiation belts four times per day. Hence, the LEP and HXP sensors sample the energetic particle environment in the range L = 4 to 10. We describe in this paper the design and the responses of the LEP and HXP sensors. The responses are obtained by combining calibration data with Monte-Carlo (MCNP) and Analytical Probability (AP) calculations. The latter permit to include the contributions of the passive instrumental box and of the satellite to the electron responses. Examples of the main features of the GPS energetic particle environment observed during the first two years of operation will be presented, including energetic particle fluxes, high-latitude electron injections, electron energy spectra, and cosmic background.
Cayton Thomas E.
Ingraham J. C.
Kippen Richard Marc
Tuszewski M.
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