The geochemistry of the Athabasca petroleum deposit. I. Elution and spectroscopic analysis of the petroleum from the vicinity of McMurray, Alberta

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The sandstone and shale beds of the McMurray formation are impregnated with a semi-solid petroleum. The Athabasca deposit is the largest known petroleum deposit in the world. Sandstone samples from the bottom of the Abasand quarry, near McMurray, yielded 16.5 per cent organic matter upon extraction with methylene chloride. The extract contained approximately 22 per cent asphaltenes. It also contained large quantities of residuum upon distillation at 350°C temperature at atmospheric pressure. The extract was fractionated by elution chromatography on silica gel and aluminum oxide columns. Mass spectrometric methods of analysis revealed the presence of paraffin and naphthenic hydrocarbons in one eluate fraction (9 per cent of the total extract) and of alkyl benzenes, cyclo-alkyl benzenes, naphthalenes, phenanthrenes and some sulphur compounds in another fraction (18 per cent of the total extract). Nitrogenous compounds, such as pyrroles and pyridines, may also be present. In addition, the eluate fractions were also analysed by infra-red and ultra-violet spectroscopy. The study formed a part of an investigation of the chromatographic-type fluid flow in the sedimentary rock strata.

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