The Evershed effect in penumbral fine structures. 2: Spatial correlation analysis

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Fine Structure, Line Spectra, Penumbras, Spatial Distribution, Spatial Resolution, Spectral Correlation, Sunspots, Brightness Distribution, Continuous Spectra, Continuum Flow, Doppler Effect, Solar Atmosphere, Solar Granulation, Solar Spectra, Surface Layers

Scientific paper

Spatially high resolved spectra of sunspot penumbrae were taken simultaneously in a number of lines with negligible Zeeman splitting. The formation layers of the different lines span the entire height of the penumbral photosphere. The intensity and velocity fluctuations from these different levels were subject to a spatial coherence and phase analysis which yields the following results: a) Spectra with a spatial resolution of at least 0.5 arcsec are necessary to detect a perfect correlation between dark penumbral structures and wing shifts of lines emerging from deep layers near the continuum level. b) This correlation rapidly decreases towards higher levels in the penumbra; it almost disappears near the temperature minimum. c) The correlation increases when the velocity fluctuations are compared with intensity fluctuations of the corresponding residual intensities of the line cores rather than with the continuum intensity emerging from much deeper layers. d) The line asymmetry ends abruptly with the penumbral continuum depression thus suggesting an interpretation of a causal relation with the penumbral fine structure. e) If Doppler shifts occasionally occur outside the white light penumbral border, the corresponding line profiles are symmetric and do not show a significant dependence on the formation height.

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