Other
Scientific paper
Jul 1986
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986e%26psl..78..411f&link_type=abstract
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 78, Issue 4, p. 411-419.
Other
1
Scientific paper
Although the ways in which failure surfaces propagate within unconsolidated sediments are well understood the subsequent deformation within an evolving slide presents more of a problem. We suggest that under certain circumstances deformation within a slide can be adequately described as though it consists of two distinct components: lateral translation of the whole slide parallel to the plane of décollement and variable sub-vertical ductile deformation in what would otherwise be a suspended mass at the rear of the slide. This formulation can be used to predict the way in which deformation will develop within a slide and it can also be used to restore the pre-failure geometry of an observed syn-sedimentary failure.
There are small scale syn-sedimentary faults in the Coal Measures of South Wales and one set, which we were able to record in detail, was exposed at the Llanilid open-cast site. The Llanilid growth faults displace a sandstone-shale sequence and by considering displacement solely in terms of a uniform horizontal component and a variable vertical component it was possible to restore, in turn, pre-failure geometries for each of four separate horizons.
The Llanilid growth faults fall into two quite distinct groups. There are faults with small displacements (< 1 m) which appear to be due to compaction within the shales reactivating pre-existing faults which then propagate up into overlying layers. And there are faults with large displacements (3-4 m) which propagate down from the surface and may well have been triggered by an external force, such as the shock wave from an earthquake. It is also of interest to note that although major displacements (> 1 m) were invariably along newly formed fractures the average spacing between active faults during each of the three extensive phases remained remarkably constant at about 13-14 m.
Freeth S. J.
Ladipo Kehinde O.
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