Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
Dec 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004agufm.p23b..03r&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004, abstract #P23B-03
Mathematics
Logic
5415 Erosion And Weathering, 5470 Surface Materials And Properties, 6225 Mars
Scientific paper
The second phase of the MER Spirit mission, in Gusev crater, began when the rover entered the province of the Columbia Hills. The rover traveled over 3km to arrive at this destination. The Columbia Hills rise up to 90m above the basaltic plains that Spirit spent the first 5 months investigating. These plains appear to be impact gardened lava flows that have subsequently undergone aeolian reworking. The Columbia Hills are embayed by the plains and are therefore older materials. The origin of the Columbia Hills, as of this writing, is still unknown. Several possible origins have been considered and include: eroded and partially buried impact crater rim, ejecta deposit remnant at the junction of several ancient crater rims, central peak of an ancient crater, volcanic construct, eroded wrinkle ridge, or remnant of a formerly extensive crater fill deposit. The slopes of the Hills are covered with boulders and outcroppings of rock are present along the flanks. Some of these rocks appear to be layered. Heretofore unseen deep cavernous weathering (case hardening and core softening) of rocks was also observed upon crossing the contact with the plains. Hollowed out or cavernous rocks are the most noticeable manifestation of salt weathering on earth. This type of weathering typically involves groundwater and salts. Several of these rocks have unusual morphologies (pedestals or fingers projecting away from rock's center with terminal clumps). These features are most likely the result of differential weathering by the wind. These morphologic observations combined with mineralogic data indicate that the rocks of the Columbia Hills have experienced a very different geologic history than the rocks located on the plains. The rocks of the Columbia Hills are considerably more highly altered and weathered by the interaction of aqueous processes than the plains forming rocks.
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