The Clarno Formation of central Oregon, U.S.A. - Volcanism on a thin continental margin

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The Clarno Formation (mostly Eocene) of central Oregon, U.S.A., was formed as North America moved westward over subducting Pacific Ocean crust. The Clarno is a volcanic and volcanogenic assemblage whose flow rocks show: a calc-alkaline pattern on a Harker diagram, K2O-SiO2 diagram, alkali-SiO2 diagram, and AFM diagram; and a pattern transitional between calc-alkaline and tholeiitic on a SiO2-FeO*/MgO diagram. Its basalts are chemically similar to those of intra-oceanic island arcs (e.g.,sK2O of 0.30%), but subaerial deposition of the entire formation plus differentiation to rocks of high SiO2 and alkali contents indicate that the Clarno was formed on a continental margin. Comparison of the Clarno with other Pacific-margin volcanic suites indicates that the Clarno was formed on thin (20-30 km) continental crust overlying a subduction zone of about 120 km depth.

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