The circumstellar silicate dust as seen by IRAS. II - Evolution of circumstellar envelopes

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Cosmic Dust, Infrared Astronomy Satellite, Silicates, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Models, Stellar Spectrophotometry, Radiative Transfer, Stellar Evolution, Stellar Mass Ejection

Scientific paper

The IRAS objects in the LRS classes 3n and 7n, i.e., those with a 10-micron feature in absorption, are modeled. The model is characterized by an optically thick and geometrically thin warm envelope at the dust condensation radius, and a detached cool outer shell. This model is able to reproduce simultaneously all the main characteristics of the spectral energy distribution of the IRAS objects: the strength of the 10-micron absorption feature, the three photometric colors, and a newly defined color containing essential information about the inner part of the dust envelope. The optical thickness of the dust can increase considerably with no need for the mass-loss rate to increase dramatically or for the envelope momentum rate to exceed that of the stellar radiation. Different parts of the various IR diagrams can be linked by a tentative evolutionary sequence, although all parts are not accessible to all stars.

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