The AEC-NASA Nuclear Rocket Program

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The early days and years of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), its assigned missions its organization and program development, provided major opportunities for still young technical people to participate in and contribute to making major technological advances and to broaden and grow their technical, management, and leadership capabilities for their and our country's and the world's benefit. Being one of those fortunate beneficiaries while I worked at NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland and then when I was transferred to the NASA Headquarters on October 1, 1958, the day NASA was formally activated, this paper will describe some of my experiences and their significant results, including the personal benefits I derived from that fabulous period of our major national accomplishments. Although I had a broad range of responsibility in NASA which changed and grew over time, I concentrate my discussion in this paper on those activities conducted by NASA and the Atomic Energy Committee (AEC) in the development of the technology of nuclear rocket propulsion to enable the performance of deep space missions. There are two very related but distinct elements of this memoir. One relates to NASA's and the U.S. missions in those very early years and some of the technical and administrative elements as well as the political influences and interagency activities, including primarily the AEC and NASA, as well as diverse industrial and governmental capabilities and activities required to permit the new NASA to accomplish its assigned mission responsibilities. The other concerns the more specific technical and management assignments used to achieve the program's major technological successes. I will discuss first, how and why I was assigned to manage those nuclear rocket propulsion program activities and, then, how we achieved our very significant and successful program progress. There is no question that the entire program reflects the outstanding contributions of a tremendously effective and diversely capable team of organizations and people. I will then try to sum up the broad benefits that I, personally, had as a result of that experience, how it influenced my future activities throughout my working career, the management principles and lessons that guided me through all the diverse activities I led, as well as emphasizing the major national space system and mission capability benefits that we achieved in that nuclear rocket program and some of the international recognition of that work. There is no question that my assignment to lead the joint AEC-NASA nuclear rocket development when responsibility for nuclear propulsion was transferred from the Air Corps to NASA, on its establishment, involved significant persistence on the part of the then NASA Administrator, Dr. T. Keith Glennan, to overcome the very strong political preferences of powerful congressional figures. Some of that surprised me and I will review that period. Once named to the position of Manager of the joint AEC-NASA Nuclear Propulsion Office, I still had to prove myself to those powerful figures, including Senator Clinton Anderson, which the record and history indicate I did. But the real proof of my contribution to the program was in the positions I took to assure that the program was conducted in a consistently sound technological and management way to overcome and avoid technical problems that were encountered in the program. That required standing firmly with conviction for what I considered sound development.

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