Telescope to Observe Planetary Systems (TOPS): A High Efficiency Coronagraphic 1.2-m Visible Telescope

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Scientific paper

The Telescope to Observe Planetary Systems (TOPS) is a proposed space mission to image in the visible (0.4-0.9 micron) planetary systems of nearby stars simultaneously in 16 spectral bands (resolution R 20).
With a 1.2m visible telescope, the proposed mission achieves its power by exploiting the most efficient and robust coronagraphic and wavefront control techniques. A Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) coronagraph, combined with an efficient focal plane wavefront sensing scheme, will allow TOPS to detect planets within 2 lambda/d ( 0.2") with nearly 100% throughput and the full angular resolution of the 1.2m telescope. An ongoing laboratory experiment has successfully demonstrated high contrast coronagraphic imaging within 2 lambda/d with the PIAA coronagraph / focal plane wavefront sensing scheme envisionned for TOPS.
For the 10 most favorable stars, TOPS will have the sensitivity to discover 2 R_E rocky planets within habitable zones and characterize their surfaces or atmospheres through spectrophotometry. Many more massive planets and debris discs will be imaged and characterized for the first time.

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