Synthesis Of Nh3 In Titan's Upper Atmosphere

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Cassini INMS observations of Titan's upper atmosphere measured densities 1.5×101; cm-3 of NH4+ [Cravens et al. Geophys. Res. Letts., 33, L07105, 2006., Vuitton et al. Icarus, 191, 722-742. 2008]. The density of the NH4+ ion is closely related to the density of NH3 through proton exchange and electron recombination reactions. Calculations based on this chemistry imply a NH3 abundance of several ppm in the upper atmosphere, roughly two orders of magnitude larger than pre-Cassini predictions [Wilson and Atreya, J. Geophys. Res. E06002, doi:1029/2003JE002181, 2004]. We investigate several chemical schemes for production of NH3. Using a 1D photochemical model, we show that the densities of amines (NH, NH2, CH2NH, CH3NH2) are quite large in the upper atmosphere and the reaction NH2 + H2CN→ NH3 + HCN is particularly important for the synthesis of NH3. We also explore the potential importance of heterogeneous chemistry on aerosol surfaces for synthesis of NH3. The amine radicals in Titan's upper atmosphere are likely incorporated into other, more complex organic molecules as well. This work has been supported by a grant from NASA's Planetary Atmospheres program.

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