Summary of Past Microgravity Experiment in Japanese Microgravity Science Field and Future Plan

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strategic plan for the early years of the 21st century is described experiments were carried out onboard various flight platforms such as airplanes, sounding rockets, free-flyers, and space shuttles. In Japan, microgravity experiments started with Skylab in 1973. In this first set of experiments, the results were scrutinized with keen interest and the usefulness of microgravity environment was evidenced. In the 1980's, the Japanese sounding rocket TT-500A, which provided microgravity conditions for several minutes, was used to verify the experimental facilities and the operations before long duration microgravity experiments were carried out. With the First International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-1) and the First Material Processing Test (FMPT) projects, the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) had the opportunity to perform sustained and genuine microgravity experiments. With the twenty-two experiments carried out in the FPMT, the Japanese microgravity community made rapid progress. Following this, space missions such as the Second International Microgravity Laboratory (IML-2) and the First Microgravity Science Laboratory (MSL-1) were performed. In addition, a series of seven sounding rockets TR-IA were launched to investigate scientific problems and to help develop technologies. Through these flight experiments, material sciences (Electrostatic Levitation Furnace; the diffusion coefficient measurement by shear-cell method; in-situ simultaneous observation of temperature and concentration field by two wavelength Mach-Zehnder microscope Interferometer) became at the forefront of science and technology in the world. measurement, and cell biology, are being carried out as phase C of NASDA strategic research. Research solicitation in microgravity sciences, among other fields, has seen substantial progress since its initiation in 1997. It is hoped that grant awardees will be the potential applicants of ISS flight experiments in the future. The science experiments selected for flight to fulfill the initial Japanese Experimental Module payloads are reviewed periodically by the Space Utilization Research Program (SURP) and necessary support is provided to Pls to baseline their experiments. phase is proceeding as planned, having not met any major problems in the past year. Among these hardware, the Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) provides a temperature gradient under vacuum conditions with three independent heating zones. The Advanced Furnace for Microgravity Experiment with X-Ray Radiography (AFEX) is a multi-user image furnace facility which is dedicated to material science experiments. It comprises a 2-axe X-ray radiographies, a visible image video, an infrared sensor, and 5-channel thermocouples allowing observation and measurement of the melt. The Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF) is mainly dedicated for fundamental fluid physics studies, including Marangoni convection research in liquid bridges. The Solution/Protein Crystal Growth Facility (SPCF) provides opportunity for fundamental science investigation of crystal growth in liquid solution, such as protein crystallization. International Announcement of Opportunity 2000" ("IAO 2000") and selected five research projects as Principal Investigator (PI) themes and three as Co-Investigator (CI) themes. These themes will proceed to the definition phase and the research plans will be refined as flight investigations.

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