Sulfide formation in reservoir carbonates of the Devonian Nisku Formation, Alberta, Canada: An ion microprobe study

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The processes affecting sulfur during diagenesis in carbonates have been investigated by ion microprobe analysis of δ34S values of pyrite, marcasite, and anhydrite from the Devonian Nisku Formation in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin. Pyrite and marcasite from three Nisku wells have δ34S ranging between -35 and + 20%. CDT; most lie between -35 and -5%. CDT. The δ34S values of sulfides are heterogeneous within individual thin section-sized samples, varying by as much as 25%.. The δ34S values increase by up to 50%. with increasing well depth in two different Nisku wells, and δ34S also increases by up to 15%. as grain size increases from 40 to over 100 μm in individual samples. The appearance of native sulfur is accompanied by an increase of up to 30%. in pyrite δ34S values. Bulk and ion probe analyses of anhydrite are relatively uniform (δ34S = +22 to +30%. CDT). The predominately low δ34S values of Nisku sulfides indicate bacterial sulfate reduction. Textural relations indicate that Fe-sulfide formation in Nisku carbonates may have occurred by two different mechanisms. Much of the sulfide has δ34S values that suggest that it was associated with bacterial sulfate reduction, although most Fe-sulfides did not form until after pervasive matrix dolomitization (depths of 300 1000 m). Other sulfide may have formed later, during deep (~4 km) burial via thermochemical sulfate reduction. The range in δ34S values in a single thin section and correlations between pyrite morphology and isotopic values suggest that sulfate reduction was a very localized process, and that the sulfate reduction environment varied considerably on a small scale.

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