Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2004
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2004agufm.p31a0961n&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2004, abstract #P31A-0961
Other
8160 Rheology: General, 5430 Interiors (8147), 5475 Tectonics (8149), 6218 Jovian Satellites
Scientific paper
A cooling and thickening viscoelastic ice shell overlying an ocean develops stresses due to two effects: thermal contraction of the ice due to cooling; and the expansion of the shell due to the ice-water volume change. The former effect generates near-surface compression and deeper extension; the second effect generates extension only. In both cases, stresses generally decrease with depth due to viscous creep. The resulting combined stresses are extensional except at shallow (<1~km) depths in thin ice shells. These extensional stresses exceed 10~MPa for shells thicker than 20~km, and thus dominate all other likely sources of stress as long as shell cooling occurs. The dominantly extensional nature of the stresses may help to explain the puzzling lack of compression observed on Europa, Ganymede and other large icy satellites. In particular, the proposed mechanism suggests that Europa's extensional features are due to a thickening ice shell, in agreement with observed stratigraphic relationships and impact crater characteristics.
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