Steep Faint-end Slopes of Galaxy Mass and Luminosity Functions at z ≥ 6 in Cosmological SPH Simulations and the Implications for Reionization

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We present the results of a numerical study comparing photometric and physical properties of simulated z = 6 - 9 galaxies to the observations taken by the WFC3 instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations we find good agreement with observations in color-color space at all studied redshifts. We also find good agreement between observations and our Schechter luminosity function fit in the observable range, Muv ≤ -18. However beyond what currently can be observed, simulations predict a very large number of low-mass galaxies and evolving steep faint-end slopes from αL = -2.15 at z = 6 to αL = -2.64 at z = 9, with a dependence of |αL| ∝ (1+z)0.59. During the same epoch, the normalization φ* increases and the characteristic magnitude Muv becomes moderately brighter with decreasing redshift. We find similar trends for galaxy stellar mass function with evolving low mass end slope from αM =-2.26 at z=6 to αM =-2.87 at z=9, with a dependence of |αM | ∝ (1 + z)^0.65. We also find that the low mass halos (Mh < 1010 M*) in our simulations produce higher luminosity than predicted by semi-analytic models that are calibrated by the observed luminosity function at z=6. Together with our recent result on the high escape fraction of ionizing photons for low-mass galaxies, our results suggest that the low-mass galaxies are important contributor of ionizing photons for the reionization of the Universe at z ≥ 6.

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