Star Formation in the Low Surface Brightness Galaxy UGC 3371

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Scientific paper

A central Spitzer theme is understanding how star formation depends on local conditions within galaxies. Previous studies span a wide range in galaxies, including massively star-forming, interacting, normal, and local-group galaxies. Missing from this expansive range are low surface brightness galaxies (LSBs). We propose to fill this gap and increase the legacy value of the Spitzer archive by observing a disk galaxy deep into the LSB regime. These LSBs present an unsolved puzzle in our understanding of star formation: Why do LSBs, rich in gas, have such low star formation rates? It has been suggested LSBs have gas densities below a critical threshold, thus inhibiting star formation. However, this is largely based on low-resolution or globally averaged data, insensitive to the ubiquitous small-scale structures in the gas densities and kinematics of LSBs. To understand what physically drives star formation in LSBs, a high-resolution, two-dimensional approach is required. To this end, we propose to acquire deep 24 micron MIPS photometry of UGC~3371. This galaxy is well suited because its large size, modest inclination and regular circular motion permit a detailed and simultaneous study of morphology and kinematics. We have acquired a deep, high-resolution VLA-B map at 21 cm, yielding an unprecedented view of the HI distribution and kinematics on 300 pc scales in an LSB galaxy. Deep Hα integral-field spectroscopy, optical, NIR, and Hα imaging also are in hand. We will use the proposed Spitzer observations to determine the bolometric star-formation rates on 300 pc scales. Combining these data, we will determine how star-formation is modulated as a function of kinematic properties, gas densities, and local disk instabilities. The proposed Spitzer observations will provide a unique picture of star formation in the extreme LSB regime. This, in turn, will be invaluable for our understanding of star formation in other low density environments, such as the outskirts of normal galaxies.

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