Spectral Survey of the Star-Forming Region W51 e1/e2 in the 3-mm Wavelength Range

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One hundred and five molecules and their isotopic species have been detected as a result of a spectral survey of the W51 e1/e2 star-forming region at 84 - 115 GHz, beginning from simple diatomic or triatomic molecules, such as CO, CS, HCN, up to complex organic compounds, such as CH3OCH3, CH3COCH3, and C2H5OOCH. Ninety-three lines that were absent from the Lovas list of molecular lines, already observed in space, were detected and approximately half of them were identified. A significant part of the detected molecules are those that are typical for hot cores. Among them are neutral molecules CH3OCHO, C2H5OH, CH3COCH3 etc, which, according to current views exist in the gas phase only in hot cores and in shock-heated gas. In addition, vibrationally excited SiO, C4H, HCN, l-C3H, HCCCN, CH3CN, CH3OH, H2O, and SO2 lines with upper-level temperatures of several hundred Kelvins were found. Such lines can arise only in hot gas with temperature of the order of 100 K or higher. Apart from neutral molecules, various molecular ions were detected. Som of them (N2H+, HCO+, HCS+) usually exist in molecular clouds with high visual extinction Av. At the same time, the CF+ ion should be observed in Photon Dominated Regions with Av about unity or lower. An interesting result is the tentative detection of two molecules, MgCN and NaCN, which have thus far been observed only in the atmospheres of late-type giant stars. One can assume that the conditions in the hottest W51 regions (probably, in the vicinities of protostars) are close to those in the atmospheres of giant stars. It is desirable to search for other lines of these molecules in order to either confirm or rule out their detection.

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