Mathematics – Logic
Scientific paper
May 1982
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1982sci...216..939r&link_type=abstract
Science, vol. 216, May 28, 1982, p. 939-946.
Mathematics
Logic
8
Astronauts, Proton Irradiation, Radiation Dosage, Radiation Hazards, Solar Flares, Solar Protons, Space Shuttles, Columbia (Orbiter), Neutral Sheets, Particle Acceleration, Physiological Effects, Shock Wave Propagation, Solar Magnetic Field, Solar Maximum Mission, Solar Radiation
Scientific paper
Attention is given the hazards posed to Space Shuttle crews by energetic proton radiation from inherently unpredictable solar flares, such as that of April 10-13, 1981, which was experienced by the Space Shuttle Columbia. The most energetic protons from this flare reached the earth's atmosphere an hour after flare onset, and would have posed a potentially lethal threat to astronauts engaged in extravehicular activity in a polar or geosynchronous orbit rather than the low-latitude, low-altitude orbit of this mission. It is shown that proton-producing flares are associated with energization in shocks, many of which are driven by coronal mass ejections. Insights gained from the Solar Maximum Year programs allow reconsideration of proton shower forecasting, which will be essential in the prediction of the weather that Space Shuttle astronauts will encounter during extravehicular activities.
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