Solar cycle effects in planetary geomagnetic activity: Analysis of 36-year long OMNI dataset

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy: Solar Activity Cycle

Scientific paper

NSSDC's OMNI dataset, which now spans 1963-1999, contains a collection of hourly means of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind (SW) plasma parameters measured near the Earth's orbit, as well as some auxiliary data. We report a study of solar cycle effects in planetary geomagnetic activity in which 27-day averages of several OMNI parameters are compared with equivalent Kp and Dst averages. Some established trends in these parameters over solar cycles are confirmed; for example, it is concluded that changes in the magnitude (rather than in direction) constitute the primary solar cycle variation in the IMF. However, this study also reveals that long-term changes in planetary geomagnetic activity are driven more actively by solar wind-magnetosphere coupling of an electrodynamic nature rather than by plasma transport into the magnetosphere. This suggests that ambient (background) interplanetary ``electric''environment (in which the Earth's magnetosphere is immersed over the solar cycles) may play a more significant role in causing changes in the frequency of geomagnetic storms and substorms than previously realized.

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