Solar-Cycle and Short-Term Variations of Topside Ionospheric Electron-Density Profiles

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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2100 Interplanetary Physics, 2400 Ionosphere (6929), 2700 Magnetospheric Physics (6939), 3300 Atmospheric Processes, 7500 Solar Physics, Astrophysics, And Astronomy

Scientific paper

The mid-latitude transition height (where the O+ and H+ number densities are equal) is of importance because it is where the topside altitude distribution of the dominant ions transitions from the ionospheric F region into the plasmasphere which is considered the inner region of the magnetosphere. A better knowledge of the horizontal gradients and their sources in the mid-latitude F-region is needed to mitigate the ionospheric impacts on advanced technological systems, such as GPS positioning, where steep ionospheric gradients that are the source of irregularities are often the limiting factor of overall performance of systems based on trans-ionospheric radio propagation. The O+/H+ transition height can be determined by fitting ionospheric-topside-sounder-derived electron-density (N_e) profiles to analytical O+ and H+ functions. We used N_e profiles from the height of the ionospheric N_e maximum to ~ 3,000 km deduced from Alouette and ISIS (International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies) topside-sounder data. These data, available from two decades starting from 1962, have been used to investigate variations in the topside N_e profiles over more than a solar cycle to changes in solar-activity indices, solar-wind parameters and geomagnetic indices.

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