Smith's Cloud: A High Velocity HI Cloud Entering The Galactic Disk

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Scientific paper

HI observations using the Green Bank Telescope at 21cm of the high-velocity cloud known as Smith's Cloud show that it has a large, cometary morphology pointing toward the Galactic disk, and shows clear signs of interaction with the Milky Way. From the velocity range of the interaction we can estimate the rest velocity of the ambient medium into which Smith's Cloud moves. This gives a kinematic distance to the interaction site of 12 kpc, a value which is essentially identical to other distance estimates for the cloud. The main portion of Smith's Cloud is located about 3 kpc below the Galactic plane and only 7.6 kpc from the Galactic center. Its total extent is more than 3 kpc. It is bring more than a million solar masses of gas to the star-forming regions of the inner Galaxy. From the projected differential velocity of the cloud we can estimate its trajectory: its total space velocity appears to be at least 275 km/s and it has a peculiar velocity with respect to its environment of at least 95 km/s.

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