Slingshot ejections from clusters of three and four black holes

Details Slingshot ejections from clusters of three and four black holes Slingshot ejections from clusters of three and four black holes

Nov 1994

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1994apjs...95...69v&link_type=abstract

The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, vol. 95, no. 1, p. 69-86

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

32

Active Galactic Nuclei, Binary Stars, Black Holes (Astronomy), Four Body Problem, Interacting Galaxies, Many Body Problem, Orbital Mechanics, Radio Sources (Astronomy), Stellar Systems, Three Body Problem, Two Body Problem, Extragalactic Radio Sources, Gravitational Waves, Quasars, Radio Emission, Radio Jets (Astronomy)

Scientific paper

This paper continues the investigation of the dynamical evolution of three- and four-black-hole clusters which arise in the centers of giant galaxies in successive galaxy mergers. About 100,000 three- and four-black-hole systems of varying initial compactness and drawn from different initial mass functions have been studied. Orbits have been calculated using a new method which allows the calculation of energy losses to gravitational radiation in four-body systems. We look for ejections of black holes from the galaxy and compare them with populations of extended radio sources. The main conclusions are the following: (1) In conditions prevailing after galaxy mergers, the chances that black holes are ejected out of the galaxy are improved if the initial number of black holes is at least four. (2) Ejections from four-black-hole systems happen easily. The common types of ejection are a one-sided ejection and a two-sided ejection with a 'remnant' central black hole. A two-sided ejection without a central black hole occurs in only a few percent of the cases. (3) The frequencies of different types of ejection agree with radio source populations only if many one-sided double sources have been misclassified as single-component sources. (4) In two-sided ejections the most common structure is the so-called dogleg structure of Stocke et al.; i.e., there is a major deviation from the opposite alignment of the ejected black holes as seen from the center of the galaxy. (5) The structures of the two-sided ejections agree with the double radio source populations only if many dogleg structures have been missed in the compilation of radio source samples. This could happen because of the overwhelming brightness of the central radio component. (6) If reasonable sample selection biases are introduced, the main properties of the ejection samples agree well with double radio source samples. The typical age of visibility of an ejected black hole is found to be about 108 years. We predict that many more one-sided doubles as well as two-sided dogleg doubles will be discovered when the surroundings of single-component central radio sources are studied with high dynamical range.

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