SiO Outflow Observations of Young Massive Stellar Objects with Linearly Distributed Methanol Maser Emission

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Linearly distributed methanol masers are associated with young massive stars and have been generally hypothesized to trace edge-on circumstellar disks around them. Several of these sources have been recently imaged in near-infrared H2 emission (an outflow indicator) and it was discovered that the methanol masers were often aligned with the position angle of H2 emission on the fields. It was therefore argued that this is evidence that the methanol masers are instead associated with outflows from these young massive stars. However, because H2 can be excited by means other than outflow, we have undertaken a series of observations in an independent outflow indicator, namely SiO. We performed single-dish observations with the JCMT to detect SiO (6-5) in 7 out of 9 fields from the H2 survey. Wide wings were found in the SiO lines, supporting the outflow hypothesis. Interferometric follow-up observations of SiO (2-1) with the ATCA at high-spatial resolution have now been analyzed for 4 of the fields where SiO (6-5) was detected. These observations showed the SiO (2-1) emission to be distributed spatially at similar position angles to the methanol masers distributions for all four sources. We conclude that this is further and very convincing evidence that linearly distributed methanol masers are generally associated directly with outflows and not disks.

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