Simulated breaking of convectively generated mesoscale gravity waves and airglow modulation

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Gravity Waves, Airglow, Mesosphere And Lower Thermosphere Region, Wave Breaking, Cumulus Convection, Mesoscale Meteorological Model

Scientific paper

A number of numerical simulations are conducted by using a vertically extended mesoscale meteorological model to study the breaking of atmospheric gravity waves generated by cumulus convection and the airglow modulation in the upper mesosphere induced by the breaking. It is found that a simulation with horizontal and vertical grid spacings of 1.5 and 0.5km, as in Horinouchi et al. (Geophys. Res. Lett. 29(21) (2002) 2007), can crudely simulate the breaking, but the dynamics of the breaking and airglow modulation is better elucidated with a higher resolution. Sensitivity of the results to subgrid-scale turbulence closures is also examined. From the simulations, the OI5577 atomic oxygen airglow is estimated with an approximate method proposed in this study. It is found, as has been expected, that the disturbances associated with the wave breaking modulate the airglow to create the so-called ``ripple''-type patterns consisting of stripes with a spacing of about 10km, which are frequently found in ground-based airglow imaging. Using a high-resolution simulation, it is found that in some breaking cases the initial instability disturbance develops into shear instability creating billows that induce a conspicuous airglow ripple, although their stripe structure is disturbed. In such a case, conventional vortex diagnosis suggests the dominance of well-developed turbulence. The result indicates that a significant airglow modulation can develop at a late stage of instability that has not been considered to cause a coherent airglow modulation.

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