Searching For Planets Around M Dwarfs Using the Radial Velocity Technique

Computer Science – Performance

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M dwarfs account for 70% of stars in the solar neighborhood, but less than 5% of the known exoplanets orbit these cool, red stars. Despite the overwhelming success of the radial-velocity method in detecting more than 500 planets to date, not a single planet has been found to orbit a late-type M dwarf.
I conducted simulations to investigate the photon-limited performance of RV instruments using two methods, the dispersed fixed-delay interferometer (DFDI) method and the traditional echelle method. I found that the instrument using the DFDI method is more advantageous in the multi-object survey at a low-median spectral resolution.
I used the EXPERT spectrograph (R=27,000) at the 2.1 m telescope on Kitt Peak to demonstrate the feasibility of telluric-line modeling with a telluric standard star. The featureless spectrum of a fast-rotating hot star is observed nearby the science star in order to obtain a telluric-line absorption spectrum, which is later used to remove the telluric-line contamination from the spectrum of the science star.
A signicant innovation of my PhD work is the development of a portable inexpensive wavelength calibration source with the potential of reaching better than 10 cm/s precision. I have compared this source to an Iodine cell and a Th-Ar emission lamp in the optical wavelength. The results show that different sources track each other to within 10 m/s. The number is expected to be decreased once the radial-velocity code is improved. The proposed wavelength calibration source provides an alternative to the expensive laser comb technology, which is the only technique that offers a comparable precision in the I band (0.7-0.9 micron).

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