Satellite Observations of Space Shuttle Main Engine Exhaust: Vertical Diffusion and Meridional Transport

Computer Science – Sound

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[0310] Atmospheric Composition And Structure / Airglow And Aurora, [3369] Atmospheric Processes / Thermospheric Dynamics, [3389] Atmospheric Processes / Tides And Planetary Waves

Scientific paper

The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment on NASA’s Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite has observed water vapor radiances near 6.6 microns on the Earth’s limb since the TIMED launch in December, 2001. Following a space shuttle launch, SABER typically observes enhanced water vapor emission between 90-110 km altitude near the east coast of the United States, where the shuttle injects about 300 metric tons of water vapor exhaust from its three main engines. SABER has observed plumes from 20 space shuttle launches since 2002, all within 25 hours of injection. The database of observations now consists of over 80 separate plume scans, each of which is identified with a peak altitude, a peak brightness and a plume thickness. We compare these SABER shuttle plume observations with a two-dimensional diffusion model that includes photodissociation to determine whether the time evolution of the plume altitude and thickness can be reproduced. Some observations indicate that the shuttle plume is subject to rapid meridional transport. We compare the inferred meridional motion of the plumes with a satellite-derived wind climatology. We include the effects of tidal variability on the shuttle plume and determine whether there is a time of year during which the wind climatology better explains the observed meridional transport.

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