Remnants of oceanic lower crust in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle: Trace element and Sr-Nd-O isotope evidence from aluminous garnet pyroxenite xenoliths from Jiaohe, Northeast China

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Pyroxenite xenoliths entrained in alkali basalts are usually interpreted to be high pressure cumulates from mantle-derived melts. However, those from Jiaohe, Northeast China may have originated from subducted oceanic crust. Their high bulk Al2O3 contents (12.2-17.4%) and Mg# (up to 0.88) resemble those of olivine-bearing cumulative gabbros. A crustal origin for the Jiaohe pyroxenites from plagioclase-bearing protoliths is further supported by positive Eu and Sr anomalies in both whole rock and in garnet and clinopyroxene analyses, low HREE abundances in garnet and low δ18O (4.9-5.1‰) relative to typical mantle values (5.5‰). Compared with average values for the corresponding mantle minerals, the δ18O values of the Jiaohe clinopyroxene (4.5-5.4‰) are lower, the δ18O values of garnet (5.1-5.6‰) are similar, whereas those of spinel are higher (5.2‰). In particular, there are disequilibrium O isotopic fractionations between garnet/spinel and clinopyroxene, resembling those of plagioclase/clinopyroxene pairs in seawater-altered oceanic crust. This is attributed to spinel and garnet inheriting their O isotope characteristics from plagioclase prior to transformation to these minerals during subduction metamorphism of altered oceanic gabbros, without isotopic re-equilibration at mantle conditions. Identification of remnants of subducted oceanic crust in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle is important to understanding mantle heterogeneity and genesis of intraplate magmatism.

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