Relationship of Long-Term Solar Activity and Geomagnetic Activity

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Geomagnetism, Kp Index, Solar Activity Effects, Sunspot Cycle, Sunspots, Time Lag, Wavelet Analysis, Long Term Effects, Correlation Coefficients

Scientific paper

Solar acitivity influences geomagnetic activity both in short-term and long-term. The short term effect due to daily solar activity, while long term effect due to about 11-year and 22-year cycles of solar activity. Results of Weighted Wavelet Z-Transform (WWZ) analysis on both of Kp index and sunspot number data yield dominant periods of approx. 11-years and approx. 24-years. But there is an other four-year period of the Kp index. Further studies are required to show whether it is affected by solar activity or not. The strongest effect of solar activity on geomagnetic activity comes from 11-year and 22-year sunspot cycles. This can be seen from correlation coefficient of Kp index and sunspot number as large as 0.8 and 0.7 for average move 11-year and 22-years, respectively. The other result that geomagnetic activity follow solar activity with a time lag of two to three years.

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