Re-examining Galileo's theory of tides.

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Earth-Moon System: Tides, Earth-Moon System: History Of Astronomy

Scientific paper

This study expounds the model of the Earth tides by Galileo Galilei in all its amazing complexity by bringing to light its completely forgotten vision of the flux and reflux of the sea as a wave-like phenomenon and by reassessing Galileo's claim that this model was a physical proof of the double motion of the Earth as postulated by Copernicus, namely, its diurnal rotation about its polar axis and its annual revolution around the Sun. The study is organized in the chapters: (1) Galileo's tide-generating acceleration: the woad-grindstone model; composition of speeds and relativity; tide-generating acceleration as a historiographical stumbling block. (2) Newton's tide-generating force: Newton's dynamic model; asymmetric tide-generating force and asymmetric tide periods. (3) Galileo's oscillatory model: a simple oscillating system; the laws of basins and superposition of waves. (4) The "warping" of history: Galileo's claim that tides prove Copernicus; Galileo's notions on bodies that move around a centre; tide equations - the quasi-Galilean term; tides in a non-Newtonian universe. (5) Simulate the wind and the sea: comets and winds; rotating buckets and the terrestrial atmosphere; tide experiments - artificial vessels and tide-machines. (6) Celestial wheel clock: monthly and annual periodicities; the celestial balance-stick regulator. (7) Moon and waves: lunar trepidations and tides - a new research programme; a single great wave.

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