Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Nov 1989
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1989aj.....98.1831d&link_type=abstract
Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256), vol. 98, Nov. 1989, p. 1831-1841.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
11
Continuous Radiation, Hot Stars, Ionizing Radiation, Radio Emission, Stellar Winds, Supergiant Stars, Missing Mass (Astrophysics), Radio Sources (Astronomy), Stellar Mass Ejection, Wolf-Rayet Stars
Scientific paper
The Very Large Array has been used at an observing wavelength of 6 cm to survey 25 supergiants of spectral types between B2 and F8. Only one of these stars (Beta Ori, or Rigel) has been detected as a radio-continuum source, with an inferred 6 cm luminosity L6 of 7 x 10 to the 16th ergs/sec per Hz. Rigel may also be an X-ray source (and, if it were, would be the only X-ray detected star out of the 12 stars in this sample that were observed by Einstein. An extended source of more than 10 mJy flux density with the same angular dimensions and location as He 1-5, the planetary nebula surrounding the peculiar supergiant FG Sge, and a weak localized source of roughly 0.1-0.2 mJy somewhat offset from the center of the extended radio emission have also been detected. The upper limits to L6 for the F Ib stars are as much as an order of magnitude below the level at which Rigel was detected. If the radio emission from Rigel is interpreted as free-free radiation from its stellar wind, the inferred ionized mass-loss rate is 2.5 x 10 th the 7th solar mass/yr. The most stringent upper limits to the ionized mass-loss rates obtained for the F and A supergiants are not greater than 10 to the -8th solar mass/yr and less than or equal to 10 to the -7th solar mass/yr, respectively.
Drake Stephen Alan
Linsky Jeffrey L.
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