Radar measurement of the seasonal variation in the velocity of the sunrise terminator

Computer Science – Sound

Scientific paper

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Annual Variations, Radar Measurement, Sunrise, Terminator Lines, Doppler Effect, Ionospheric Sounding, Phased Arrays, Red Shift

Scientific paper

The HF phased-array radar at Bribie Island, Australia, used to measure horizontal movements of the ionosphere, has been calibrated using the known velocity of the sunrise terminator. The seasonal variation in the velocity of the terminator has been resolved, both in magnitud and direction. The technique uses single-station ionospheric sounding, and requires the angle of arrival and Doppler shift of ionospheric echoes to be measured as the terminator passes overhead. Pfister's (1971) theorem allows calculation of the velocity of the reflecting surface. The difference between theory and experiment is less than 3 percent in speed and 2 degrees in direction on average.

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